https://cloudtechbyvictor.com Recently updated developer reference documentation on Cloud Tech by Victor. https://cloudtechbyvictor.com/topics/devops/aws-monitoring https://cloudtechbyvictor.com/topics/devops/aws-monitoring How CloudWatch metrics, logs, and alarms fit together with CloudTrail's audit trail, and why CloudTrail answers "who did what" while CloudWatch answers "what is the system doing." Fri, 24 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://cloudtechbyvictor.com/topics/devops/aws-compute https://cloudtechbyvictor.com/topics/devops/aws-compute How EC2, Lambda, ECS, and EKS trade control for convenience differently, and how to actually choose between them instead of defaulting to whichever one you already know. Fri, 24 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://cloudtechbyvictor.com/topics/devops/aws-iam https://cloudtechbyvictor.com/topics/devops/aws-iam How IAM users, roles, and policies control access in AWS, why roles with temporary credentials are preferred over long-lived access keys, and how policy evaluation actually decides allow versus deny. Fri, 24 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://cloudtechbyvictor.com/topics/devops/aws-fundamentals https://cloudtechbyvictor.com/topics/devops/aws-fundamentals How AWS Organizations, organizational units, and the AWS account itself form the real isolation boundary, and why that structure - not any single resource - is where governance and billing actually happen. Fri, 24 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://cloudtechbyvictor.com/topics/devops/aws-storage https://cloudtechbyvictor.com/topics/devops/aws-storage How S3, EBS, and EFS fit different access patterns, what S3 storage classes actually trade off, and why durability and availability are two different numbers. Fri, 24 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://cloudtechbyvictor.com/topics/devops/aws-networking https://cloudtechbyvictor.com/topics/devops/aws-networking How Amazon VPC, subnets, security groups, and network ACLs control traffic in AWS, and why security groups (stateful, instance-level) and network ACLs (stateless, subnet-level) are not interchangeable. Fri, 24 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://cloudtechbyvictor.com/topics/devops/bash-fundamentals https://cloudtechbyvictor.com/topics/devops/bash-fundamentals The scripting layer built on top of the shell - variables, conditionals, loops, and functions - and the quoting and exit-status habits that separate a script that looks right from one that fails safely. Fri, 24 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://cloudtechbyvictor.com/topics/algorithms/binary-search https://cloudtechbyvictor.com/topics/algorithms/binary-search Why bisect_left and bisect_right return different insertion points for the exact same value, and why binary search silently returns a wrong answer, not an error, the moment the input isn't actually sorted. Fri, 24 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://cloudtechbyvictor.com/topics/frontend/browser-rendering-pipeline https://cloudtechbyvictor.com/topics/frontend/browser-rendering-pipeline Why animating transform and opacity can skip layout and paint entirely while animating width or top can't, and how alternating writes and reads to layout properties in a loop forces the browser to recalculate layout over and over. Fri, 24 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://cloudtechbyvictor.com/topics/system-design/consistent-hashing https://cloudtechbyvictor.com/topics/system-design/consistent-hashing Why placing hosts and keys on a hash ring means adding or removing one host out of N only remaps roughly 1/N of the keys, instead of the near-total remapping a plain modulo hash would force on every single change. Fri, 24 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://cloudtechbyvictor.com/topics/security/container-image-scanning https://cloudtechbyvictor.com/topics/security/container-image-scanning How image scanning finds known vulnerabilities before a container ever runs, and why a minimal base image and a non-root user matter more for security than any scanner added afterward. Fri, 24 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://cloudtechbyvictor.com/topics/frontend/css-box-model-and-stacking-context https://cloudtechbyvictor.com/topics/frontend/css-box-model-and-stacking-context Why box-sizing changes what "width" actually measures, and why a z-index of 9999 can still render below an element with z-index 5 once stacking contexts are involved. Fri, 24 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://cloudtechbyvictor.com/topics/databases/connection-pooling https://cloudtechbyvictor.com/topics/databases/connection-pooling Why transaction pooling gives far better connection reuse than session pooling, and why that same efficiency silently breaks SQL PREPARE, SET, LISTEN, and session-level advisory locks, even though PgBouncer can support protocol-level named prepared statements under transaction pooling when max_prepared_statements is enabled. Fri, 24 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://cloudtechbyvictor.com/topics/databases/database-locking-and-deadlocks https://cloudtechbyvictor.com/topics/databases/database-locking-and-deadlocks How PostgreSQL's row-level lock modes actually differ in strength, why it can't predict which transaction a deadlock will abort, and why acquiring locks in a consistent order is the real fix, not a "nice to have". Fri, 24 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://cloudtechbyvictor.com/topics/databases/database-partitioning https://cloudtechbyvictor.com/topics/databases/database-partitioning How range, list, and hash partitioning each split one logical table into physical pieces, and why partition pruning depends entirely on the WHERE clause matching partition bounds directly, not on any index. Fri, 24 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://cloudtechbyvictor.com/topics/databases/database-replication https://cloudtechbyvictor.com/topics/databases/database-replication Why asynchronous replication can silently lose the most recent commits if the primary crashes, what synchronous_commit's three levels actually each guarantee, and how to measure replication lag instead of assuming it's small. Fri, 24 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://cloudtechbyvictor.com/topics/system-design/database-sharding https://cloudtechbyvictor.com/topics/system-design/database-sharding Why a monotonically increasing shard key like a sequential ID or timestamp routes every new write to the same shard, and why hashed sharding fixes that distribution problem at the cost of range queries no longer targeting a single shard. Fri, 24 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://cloudtechbyvictor.com/topics/databases/database-transactions-and-isolation-levels https://cloudtechbyvictor.com/topics/databases/database-transactions-and-isolation-levels Why PostgreSQL's default Read Committed isolation still allows non-repeatable reads and phantom reads, and why Repeatable Read and Serializable trade that risk for transactions your application has to be ready to retry. Fri, 24 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://cloudtechbyvictor.com/topics/devops/docker-fundamentals https://cloudtechbyvictor.com/topics/devops/docker-fundamentals How images, containers, volumes, and networks fit together in Docker's runtime model, and the mental shift from "installing software" to "running a packaged image" that trips up newcomers. Fri, 24 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://cloudtechbyvictor.com/topics/algorithms/dynamic-programming https://cloudtechbyvictor.com/topics/algorithms/dynamic-programming Why caching subproblem solutions turns an exponential naive recursive Fibonacci into a linear one, and what "overlapping subproblems" actually has to be true about a problem before memoization can help at all. Fri, 24 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT